How to plant rose seedlings to ensure their survival
If you want to learn how to plant rose seedlings to ensure their survival and the knowledge of flower cultivation steps and processes, let's understand together.
Rose is a plant of the Rosaceae family, also known as red rose, thorn rose. The dried flower buds are used as medicine. First, choose a plot of land with good ventilation, sufficient sunlight, and relatively dry terrain for planting. It is not suitable to choose low-lying land. Usually, the land is plowed and turned over before winter, combined with the application of organic fertilizer, leveled and finely raked for planting.
First, propagation methods
Rose propagation is usually done through asexual methods such as dividing plants, layering, grafting, and cutting. Among them, dividing plants is used more frequently. The timing is in spring, autumn, and rainy season, with better results during the dormant period.
(1) Dividing plants
It can be carried out in spring before germination, autumn, or rainy season. As the rose plant has a strong tillering ability, you can select old plants that have been cultivated for 3 to 4 years in the previous year, which are strong, disease-free, and pest-free, strengthen management, apply sufficient fertilizer, and intentionally injure the roots to promote a large number of root suckers. Dividing plants is done during the dormant period or early spring before germination. Dig up the strong root suckers growing next to the mother plant, each clump should have 2-3 branches, dig up with roots and transplant. The spacing is 1.0m x 1.5m, dig a pit with a diameter and depth of 27cm, apply 5kg of decomposed manure to each pit, cover some soil, mix slightly, plant one clump in each pit, cover the soil compactly, and water thoroughly to stabilize the roots. Then, perform stem pruning, leaving 20-25cm of the aboveground stem and cutting off the top.
(2) Cutting
Select the current year's strong, disease-free, fully developed, and completely lignified hard branches, cut into 10-15cm long cuttings with 3-4 nodes, cut the lower part into an oblique surface, and treat with a rooting agent for better results. Then insert them into loose bed soil, leaving 1/3 of the cutting above the ground, keep warm and moist after insertion, and they can be transplanted after rooting and germination. Semi-hardwood cuttings can also be done in the rainy season, selecting semi-hardwood branches from the lower part after flowering, removing the top part, inserting them into the bed soil, and transplanting after rooting and germination.
(3) Layering
Usually done in the rainy season, select the current year's branches, bend them into the soil, injure the part of the branch that enters the soil, apply agricultural fertilizer, cover with soil, and let it root. After rooting and germination, cut it off from the mother plant and plant it with soil.
How to plant rose seedlings to ensure their survival
Second, field management
Rose is a plant that likes fertilizer. When planting, apply decomposed organic fertilizer. Generally, it is necessary to apply fertilizer 4 times a year: apply a bud-promoting fertilizer before germination in early spring, a flower-promoting fertilizer before flowering (around May), a flower fertilizer during the flowering period, and an overwintering fertilizer before overwintering. In early spring, if the weather is dry, water promptly to promote bud differentiation and extend the flowering period. During the growing period, it is necessary to frequently cultivate and remove weeds. Roses fear waterlogging; if water accumulates for a long time, the lower leaves will turn yellow and fall off, and the plant may die, so it is necessary to drain water in the rainy season. After entering winter, turn over the rose garden, apply fertilizer and earth, and plants with sparse branches should be covered with more earth to promote branching, otherwise less.
Third, shaping and pruning
Since roses bloom on the current year's branches, frequent pruning can make the plant grow vigorously, the shape upright, and extend the flowering period of the plant. Pruning is divided into flowering period and dormant period pruning.
(1) Flowering period pruning
After flowering, prune the diseased branches, insect-infested branches, and aging branches to promote continuous rejuvenation of the plant. After the first batch of flowers opens, cut the flowering branches 15-20cm above the base to promote new branches, which will result in more and better-quality flowers the second time.
(2) Dormant period pruning
Before germination in early spring, keep 4-5 branches per plant and cut them 40-50cm from the ground, leaving 1-2 lateral branches per branch and 2 buds per lateral branch. The lifespan of a single rose plant can reach over 20 years, with the most flowers in the third year, and starting to decline after 4-5 years, the yield and quality of flowers decrease, and tend to age, so it is necessary to rejuvenate. The method is to dig up the old roots of roses planted for 4-5 years during the dormant period, remove the diseased and aging branches, and replant. Overly dense and vigorous clumps should be divided, or in the autumn and winter, cut the aging rose plants close to the ground, then turn over the soil between rows, apply cakes and other decomposed organic fertilizers, and water sufficiently. Although the yield of flowers in the following year may not be high, the yield in the next 2-3 years will greatly increase.