How to grow apples that are crispy and delicious
Xiaobian will introduce you to how to grow apples that are crispy and delicious, and some green plant maintenance experiences related to apple planting techniques. It will definitely help you. Let's learn about it together!
Apples start to bear fruit 3-5 years after planting and have a life span of about 30 years, making them suitable for garden cultivation. 1. The diameter of the planting holes is generally 1 meter square and 60- 80 centimeters deep. The base fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil, then backfilled and stepped on with feet. The planting depth is level with the soil mark of the seedlings, and it is not easy to flourish if it is too deep. Pour enough water after planting, and then seal the pile to preserve moisture. Planting can be done in late autumn and early spring, but autumn planting needs to protect soil moisture and prevent drought. The planting density of ordinary varieties is mostly 6x6 meters. For dwarf rootstock or short branch varieties, the density can be increased appropriately. For example, for the arbor stock short branch type varieties, 3X 4 meters is better. 2. Plastic pruning only takes the thin-layered shape of the main trunk that is commonly used for sparse planting as an example. After planting, the seedlings are cut at a height of 80- 100 cm, which is called fixed drying. During the winter cutting of the first year, three branches with strong growth and well-distributed distribution were selected as the three main branches, and the strong buds were selected respectively. In the future, annual branches with strong growth and suitable angles will be selected at the top of each main branch every year as main branch extension branches to continuously expand the crown. Side branches will be selected and reserved on each main branch from 50- 60 cm away from the main branch, and then one branch will be left every 40- 60 cm, staggered and growing, with a slightly lower angle than the main branch. The extended branches of the lateral branches should also be shortened every year, and the cutting method is like the main branch. While cultivating the three main branches, select one branch with a middle position and growing upright position as the middle trunk. The middle trunk is also extended every year: the branches are shortened, and two two-layered main branches are left 80-100 cm away from the three main branches. In the future, after leaving a three-layered main branch at an interval of 60- 70 centimeters, the middle trunk can be happy and no longer grow in height.
The fruiting branches are evenly distributed on the main side of the backbone branches at all levels. Usually, each fruiting branch or developing branch branches year by year after short cutting to form a fruiting branch group. The large and medium-sized fruiting branch groups also need to reserve one developing branch with strong growth every year as the leading branch to prevent weakness. Small result branches should also be updated to maintain robust results. The initial results are within 10 years after colonization. The main task of this period is to cultivate backbone branches and form a reasonable skeleton. For auxiliary branches and temporary branches that are not used for backbone branch cultivation, methods such as supporting, pulling, bending, and twisting in summer are used to promote fruiting as soon as possible, and the pruning method combined with scaling is used to cultivate fruiting branch groups.
Ten years after planting is the peak fruit period. This period is mainly based on strengthening soil, fertilizer and water management, pruning is used to maintain strong tree vitality and regulate the relationship between growth and fruit. During the full fruit period, we must not only continuously expand the fruiting parts, but also pay attention to improving the lighting in the inner chamber to prevent the fruiting parts from migrating outward, achieve three-dimensional fruiting, and achieve stable and high yields. How to grow apples? They are crispy and delicious. 3. Soil, fertilizer and water management. Apple roots can grow normally in soil with good air permeability. Therefore, after fruit picking every autumn, the soil under the tree should be deeply plowed. You can also combine the application of base fertilizer in autumn to expand holes under the tree. That is, on the outer edge of the original planting hole, dig a ditch 40 cm wide and 60 cm deep, apply 100- 200 kilograms of enclosure fertilizer or other organic fertilizer to each plant, add 0.5 kilograms of urea and appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate, and mix the fertilizer with soil and fill it into the ditch, and then fill it with water. In order to reduce root damage, in addition to retaining thick roots with a diameter of more than 1 cm as much as possible when digging ditches, only the two opposite sides should be dug every year, and the other two sides should be dug the next year. This can be done every year to ensure that the root system grows well. Topdressing of grass and fruit-twice a year. For the first time, before the soil was thawed until germination, about 1 kg of urea was applied to each adult tree, and the small tree was reduced. For the second time, during the flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion period (at the end of May or early June in North China), about 1 kg of urea was applied to each adult tree. Dig a 30-cm deep annular ditch on the outer edge of the crown and apply it in multiple holes. Pay attention to mix the fertilizer and soil well to avoid "burning the roots." Watering depends on local precipitation. Generally, freezing water is poured once after falling leaves, and water is poured once before spring germination. Before the rainy season, irrigation is timely depending on the drought situation. Especially during the strong drought season in North China at the end of May and early June, irrigation cannot be ignored. However, irrigation is generally not applied during flowering. When the rainy season comes, pay attention to drainage to avoid waterlogging caused by accumulated water. 4. Pest and insect pest control 1. Apple tree rot disease; harms branches and branches, the disease spots are light brown and have the smell of distillers grains. Soft rot in the cortex is most serious before germination in spring. The disease stops from June to August due to high temperature, and recurs again to tentorial leaves from September to October. The source of the disease is weak parasitic bacteria, and as a result, excessive weak strains are prone to disease. In production, attention should be paid to reasonable yields and applying more organic fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to make the trees strong. Scratch off the spot immediately when you find it, and burn off the debris. After scraping, apply 40% Asomate 50 times a solution, or 843 rehabilitation agent.
2. Apple ring rot; affects branches and fruits. The disease is caused by the formation of an oval red-brown disease spot around the skin pores. It is hard in texture, with a protruding middle and cracks on the edges. When many lesions are connected, they form a rough, rough skin shape. When the fruit becomes ill, water-stained brown concentric ring spots form around the skin of the fruit. In severe cases, the whole fruit rottens. In order to prevent and control, the rough skin should be scraped off, burned centrally, and coated with 5 degrees of lime sulfur mixture and 2% peregal, or 20-50 times of 402 antibacterial agent can be used. After fruit setting, spray 25% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600 times solution or Bordeaux mixture 1:2:200-250.
3. Apple charcoal pox; mainly affects fruits. At first, there are brown round spots on the fruit surface, and then gradually expand, concave on the surface, and rotten in a conical shape. There are small black dots arranged in concentric rings on the lesion. Disease spots often expand to 1/3-1/2 of the fruit, and the flesh becomes bitter and cannot be eaten. Prevention should be the first priority for this disease. Starting from 40-50 days after fruit setting, spray Bordeaux mixture at a ratio of 1:2:200 every half month, and spray it 3-4 times in a row. You can also spray tujunte, carbendazim, tophin, etc., and the prevention and control method is the same as that of ring spot disease.
4. Early defoliation disease; causes early defoliation of apples. It is the general term for several diseases. There are mainly brown spot, gray spot and ring spot. The main source of bacteria is fallen leaves, so fallen leaves should be cleaned up in autumn and winter, burned centrally or buried deeply. Fungicides such as zineb should be sprayed as soon as possible when the disease occurs. Combined with other disease prevention and control, Bordeaux mixture is sprayed once every 15 to 20 days to ensure that no disease occurs.