Quick cultivation of tree-like Chinese roses
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In our daily cultivation practice, grafting is faster than cutting, and cleft grafting is faster than bud grafting. Therefore, to accelerate the shaping of tree-like Chinese roses, we use wax-sealed scions and the early spring cleft grafting method to speed up their growth. By strengthening scientific field management, the originally three-year-old tree-like Chinese roses can now be cultivated in advance to two years.
Now, the specific methods are introduced as follows:
I. Grafting time: Generally in early spring, in Jinan area, it is from late March to late April, 10-15 days before the rootstock sprouts.
II. Rootstock selection: Choose one-year-old, healthy, pest-free, thornless roses with a diameter of 6-7 centimeters as the rootstock. Before grafting, the lower branches of the rootstock should be pruned to facilitate operation.
III. Select scions: Choose varieties with strong stem, vigorous growth, many branching, expanded tree posture, good crown shape, flowering in three to four seasons, fragrant flowers, bright color, such as lotus peony, red plum, Allen, sacred fire, peace, etc. You can combine pruning in each season, select strong current-year branches from the middle part of the periphery of young or middle-aged plants, and cut scions.
IV. Wax-sealed scions: Cut the collected shoot into scions about 5 centimeters long, each with two buds, then quickly dip them into melted wax (about 90°C) to coat them with a thin layer of wax, and then store the wax-sealed scions in a plastic bag and keep them in a low-temperature and humid place for future use.
V. Grafting methods: 1. Cutting the scion: At the lower end of the scion, use a sharp knife to cut an oblique surface that is wide on the outside and narrow on the inside, slightly thicker on the side near the bud and slightly thinner on the side away from the bud. The cut surface should be smooth, with a length of about 2.5 centimeters. 2. Splitting the rootstock: At about 5 centimeters from the ground, make a horizontal cut on the rootstock. In the center line of the cross-section of the rootstock, make a vertical cut from top to bottom, about 2.5 centimeters long. 3. Grafting: Use the tip of the knife to pry open the split of the rootstock, slowly insert the thick side of the scion into the split from top to bottom, align the cambium layers of the scion and the rootstock, and hold them tightly together (to facilitate healing), then tie the graft joint tightly with a film strip from bottom to top.
VI. Management: 1.解开绑带 (Unbind): When the scion sprouts and grows to about 10 centimeters, unbind the ties by cutting the binding strip with a sharp knife. 2.培土 (Hill up soil): After unbinding, hill up fine moist soil around the grafting site to prevent the scion seedlings from breaking and promote faster root growth, then water thoroughly after hilling. 3. Removing rootstock buds: Remove the buds produced by the rootstock in a timely manner to avoid affecting the growth of the grafted seedlings. 4. Fertilization, disease and pest control: Chinese roses like fertilizer, after sprouting, water a dilute liquid fertilizer once, then every half month, and spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Generally, in late spring and early summer, it is relatively dry and the growth of Chinese roses is vigorous, so water every 5-10 days according to the situation.
The main diseases and pests of Chinese roses are: powdery mildew and black spot. In winter and early spring, clear away the withered branches and leaves in the garden, and spray a 5-degree lime sulfur mixture before sprouting, and after sprouting, spray a 0.5-degree lime sulfur mixture or 800 times liquid of thiophanate-methyl every half month, for three consecutive times. If there are aphids, red spiders, whiteflies, beetles, or borers, you can spray 40% dimethoate 1500 times liquid or furan丹 2000 times liquid. Beetles can be manually captured in the evening, and borer-infested branches can be cut off and burned.
VII. Cultivation of the main stem: 1. Cultivation principle: Control reproductive growth and remove buds until the main stem is formed. 2. Cultivation of the main stem: When the branches and leaves are growing vigorously, strong suckers will grow from near the grafting point of the seedling base. The first batch of suckers usually has a diameter of about 0.5 centimeters and cannot be used as the main stem; when the second or third batch of suckers grow and the diameter of the branches reaches about 0.8-4 centimeters, they can be used as the main stem, and all other branches should be cut off. 3. Remove buds from the stem pruning method: When the main stem reaches a certain height, flower buds will appear and bloom, pause the high growth. The prevention method is: when the small flower buds grow to about 0.5 centimeters, cut off all branches below the two internodes of the main stem tip.
According to practical experience, the closer the side buds are to the flower buds, the faster they germinate, and the shorter and smaller the branches grow, and the earlier the buds appear. Based on this characteristic, pruning should be done slightly lower, about 2-3 internodes below the top flower bud, cutting off all branches to promote longer and stronger branches. When side buds grow from the cut, select the uppermost side bud. When the side branch grows into a lateral branch, you can control its growth by bending or twisting the branch. When the uppermost lateral branch grows into a strong main stem, cut off all the lower lateral branches. As the main stem grows and thickens, support it with a stake on the side to prevent it from leaning. When the main stem reaches the desired ideal height, just remove the buds and not cut the branches to promote the production of lateral and sub-lateral branches to form a full crown.
The above content about the quick cultivation of tree-like Chinese roses is for the reference of green plant enthusiasts, hoping to solve your problems in green plant and flower management.