How to plant sesame for high yield
Compared to the common introduction of green plants and flowers on how to plant sesame for high yield and sesame cultivation methods and techniques, the following is a detailed introduction for you.
Sesame is a nutritious legume product, and its nutritional value is widely recognized worldwide. Sesame is rich in protein, dietary fiber, and various vitamins and minerals, and its seeds and oil have a wide range of applications.
The timing and techniques of sesame planting have an important impact on the yield and quality of sesame.
Planting at the best time allows sesame to grow under suitable climatic and soil conditions, fully utilizing the advantages of photosynthesis and nutrient absorption to improve the yield and quality of sesame.
Meanwhile, appropriate measures such as fertilization, irrigation, and pest and disease control can also effectively improve the yield and quality of sesame.
Therefore, understanding the importance and application value of sesame, as well as the impact of sesame planting time and techniques on yield and quality, is very crucial.
In this article, we will delve into sesame cultivation management, providing practical planting guidelines and experience.
At the same time, we will also introduce the application fields of sesame, showcasing its wide range of uses, in the hope of letting more people understand and recognize this precious crop.
Sesame Growing Environment and Characteristics
I. Sesame's Growing Environment Needs
The environment for sesame growth is very critical, and the following are the suitable conditions for its growth:
【1】Climatic Conditions
Sesame thrives in a mild climate with abundant rainfall, with the most suitable growth temperature between 20-28°C and rainfall between 800-1000mm/m². If the climate is too cold or too dry, it will limit the growth of sesame.
【2】Soil Conditions
Sesame is suitable for planting in soil with high organic matter content, good aeration, and good drainage. This is mainly because it is not salt-tolerant and grows poorly in heavily salinized or alkalized soil.
【3】Light Conditions
Sesame is a light-loving plant, and it requires abundant sunlight during the early growth stage and flowering period to improve the photosynthetic and nutrient absorption efficiency of the crop.
【4】Fertilization Conditions
Sesame requires sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium during its growing period. Therefore, it is necessary to fertilize appropriately when planting sesame, using soil testing and crop diagnosis to apply organic and chemical fertilizers.
II. Sesame Growth Cycle and Characteristics
The growth cycle of sesame is usually about 90-110 days, with the following characteristics:
Sprouting Stage
Sesame seeds generally germinate within 7-14 days under suitable temperature conditions and start growing upward.
Growing Stage
During the growing period, sesame needs to absorb nutrients fully, grow robustly, and this usually takes 30-50 days. During this period, attention should be paid to the irrigation, fertilization, and management of sesame to improve growth efficiency.
Flowering Stage
Sesame enters the maturity stage after the growing period, usually manifested as the enlargement and drooping of the anthers, with the flowering period lasting about 20-25 days. Pest and disease control and management should be strengthened during the flowering period to ensure seed quality.
Fruiting Stage
After entering the fruiting stage, the sesame fruit gradually dries out and starts harvesting. During the fruiting period, attention should be paid to fertilization management to ensure the yield and quality of sesame.
Preparation before Sesame Planting
(一) Land Selection and Preparation
When selecting land, priority should be given to deep soil layers with good drainage, avoiding thin, water-deficient, or poorly drained land.
Also, sesame loves light, so it is necessary to choose land with sufficient sunlight.
At the same time, attention should be paid to the crop rotation relationship between sesame and crops such as spinach and chili, avoiding simultaneous planting to prevent cross-infection of diseases and pests and affecting yield.
In terms of land preparation, it is first necessary to complete the tillage, loosening, and leveling of the land, and add an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility.
In addition, attention should be paid to the construction and construction of field drainage facilities to ensure the normal operation of the land's drainage capacity.
(二) Seed Selection and Seed Soaking Treatment
In terms of seed selection, it is necessary to choose varieties suitable for local climatic and soil conditions. Currently, there are three common types on the market: long white sesame, black sesame, and red sesame, which should be selected according to actual needs. For example, long white sesame has a higher yield, while black sesame is more cold-tolerant.
In addition, hybrid varieties can also be considered to improve yield and disease resistance.
In terms of seed soaking treatment, a longer soaking method can be adopted.
Soak the sesame seeds in water for 24 hours or more, then remove them after the seed coat breaks and dry them before sowing. This method can effectively improve the germination rate and speed of sesame, as well as promote the growth and development of sesame seeds.
How to plant sesame for high yield
Best Time for Sesame Planting
The best time for planting sesame varies depending on meteorological conditions, geographical location, and variety. There are suitable times for planting sesame in both spring and summer.
① Spring Planting Timing
For spring planting of sesame, the best time is generally between the end of March and the beginning of April. At this time, the temperature is suitable, the soil moisture is moderate, and the climatic and lighting conditions are relatively suitable for the growth and development of sesame.
Meanwhile, planting at this time can avoid high and low temperatures that are unfavorable factors during the growth of sesame, providing higher stability for sesame growth.
In addition, the weather is relatively stable at this time, with sufficient rainfall, making it easy for sesame to get enough irrigation water after planting.
② Summer Planting Timing
For summer planting of sesame, the best time is generally between the end of May and the beginning of June.
At this time, the light and temperature conditions are relatively stable, sesame grows faster, the growing period is short, suitable for forming yield, and early maturity and multiple harvests.
Moreover, sesame planted at this time is in the peak period of effective accumulated temperature, with abundant rainfall, suitable temperature, and high humidity, which is conducive to the germination and growth of sesame.
However, due to the high temperature in summer, attention should be paid to irrigation, heatstroke prevention, and measures for pest and disease control.
Sesame Planting Techniques
1 | Planting Method
When planting sesame, it is first necessary to choose a suitable time. In the north, the best planting time is from late April to early May, while in the south, it can be slightly delayed.
Before planting, it is necessary to level the field, making the soil layer thickness about 2.5 to 3 centimeters, and mixing some tobacco ash, lime powder, and other nutrients into the soil to make the soil more fertile.
Then, use the furrow planting method, with a furrow depth of about 2-3 centimeters, row spacing of 50-60 centimeters, and a distance of about 30 centimeters between each plant.
2 | Planting Method
Sesame planting is also very crucial.
Only two roots can be left in each sesame plant, otherwise, sesame will compete for soil nutrients, leading to unhealthy growth of peanuts.
Before planting, it is necessary to clear away weeds and other adverse conditions, then adjust the planting density according to the actual situation, and finally use a certain marking method for planting.