How do dragon fruit seedlings grow fast
For most women, how dragon fruit seedlings grow quickly and the cultivation techniques and management of dragon fruit have little experience in green plant maintenance. Here is a detailed introduction to the dragon fruit, which is a triangular columb-shaped, perennial vine plant in the Cactus family. It is an emerging fruit with good health benefits. Dragon fruit is native to the tropical regions of Central America. Due to its good health care functions, it has been developed in Vietnam and my country's Taiwan Province. It has only been introduced and cultivated in mainland China in recent years, but it has developed rapidly. Now it is planted in patches in Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces. Although dragon fruit is highly adaptable, has few pests and diseases, and is easy to cultivate and manage, in recent years, problems such as development in various places, mixed varieties, extensive management, and unreasonable use of pesticides for the one-sided pursuit of yield have arisen. The quality of dragon fruit has declined. In order to improve the quality of dragon fruit products, enhance the market competitiveness of products, improve efficiency, promote sustainable agricultural development, and at the same time respond to the needs of the new situation of China trade integration, Is it necessary to entertain people?
Plastic pruning and irrigation and drainage plastic pruning techniques for dragon fruit: 1: After the pruning and planting survive during the seedling period, the plant grows along the cement column. At this time, lateral branches sprout during the seedling growth. A strong and upward branch should be retained, and the rest of the lateral branches need to be cut in time. It will help concentrate nutrition and provide strong branches to climb up quickly.
Second: When the plant grows to 1.5 meters high, it can be allowed to divide into more than 3 naturally drooping branches. After the branches are mature and in the period from April to November, these drooping branches will have a chance to blossom and bear fruit. It has been observed that the upper and middle branches, especially the drooping branches, have a higher rate of flowering and fruit, while the middle and lower branches rarely bloom. Judging from the distribution position of branches, the growth momentum of the upper branches is usually greater than that of the middle and lower branches, which may be caused by the top advantage. However, due to the high position of the upper branches and the difficulty of binding, although their growth momentum is strong, their organization has poor mechanical strength., often easily blown off by the wind. The upper branches can be gradually supported, pulled, hung and tied. After the branches mature and begin to bloom, they can gradually droop to reduce wind damage.
3: After fruiting, 2/3 of the branches of each plant can be arranged as fruiting branches, and the other 1/3 of the branches can be wiped off to reduce the growth angle of the branches, promote their realistic nutritional growth, and cultivate them as strong preparatory fruiting branches. If some plants bear more fruits, it is less likely to form a large number of concentrated flowering branches in the next year. After a large number of strong branches are formed at the base of the plant, thinning can be used to thin out the weak and retain the strong branches, or shortening the weak branches to promote them to develop into strong nutritional branches; when pruning or shortening, the overall nutritional area of the plant should be considered; the pruned or chopped branches can be used: ① as a breeding scion;② Old branches can be peeled and pitted to dip in mustard sauce or make a salad; ③ Old branch meat and tender branch meat can be made into delicacies, such as frying, cold salad, braising, etc.;④ can be used to treat feces without side effects.
Irrigation and drainage technology: 1. Irrigation water is the lifeblood of plant growth and an indispensable component of all organ activities. During the life activities of fruit trees, water plays a role in maintaining cell turgor pressure and ensuring that pores open and carbon dioxide enters. All chemical changes in the body can only occur in the presence of water. Nutrients in the soil can only be absorbed and utilized when they are dissolved in water. More importantly, water is an essential raw material for photosynthesis and the basis for forming yield. In addition, only under the condition of water can fruit tree transpiration be maintained, tree temperature be adjusted, and the transportation of photosynthetics and mineral nutrients be ensured. Therefore, in fruit tree cultivation, timely watering is an important measure to ensure premature delivery, high yield and high quality.
(1) During the irrigation period, irrigation should be carried out before the fruit trees are affected by water shortages, and water must not be re-watered when the fruit trees have drought conditions (such as wilting or fruit shrinkage). Determining whether watering is needed mainly depends on soil moisture. Generally, 60% to 80% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is most suitable for the growth and development of fruit trees. Dragon fruit has grown in desert areas for a long time and has a strong tolerance for water shortage. In foreign countries, measuring instruments are generally used to measure soil moisture to guide irrigation. In addition to soil moisture, the irrigation period should also be determined based on climatic conditions and the growth and development stage of the fruit trees themselves. In terms of production, water is mostly done during the following periods.
① If there is enough water in the soil from before and after germination to flowering period, it can enhance the growth of new shoots, increase leaf area, enhance photosynthesis, and make flowering and fruit setting normal, laying the foundation for high yield that year. In spring drought areas, this irrigation is particularly important.
② The period of new shoot growth and young fruit expansion is often called the critical water requirement period of fruit trees. At this time, the physiological functions of the fruit tree are at its peak. For example, due to lack of water, the leaves take away the water from the young fruit, causing the young fruit to shrink and fall off.
③ During the rapid fruit expansion period, this watering can meet the fertilizer water requirements for fruit expansion. But this time, we must control the amount of water.
④ Before and after fruit picking and during the dormant period are in dry areas in autumn and winter. Irrigation at this time can store enough water in the soil, help the decomposition of fertilizers, and promote the growth and development of fruit trees in the next spring. After the last batch of dragon fruit fruits are harvested in autumn and winter, they enter a dormant period. If appropriate irrigation is provided at this time, the growth of the plant can be promoted and the branches become fruiting branches as soon as possible.
(2) Irrigation method and irrigation amount ① Flood irrigation In areas with abundant water sources and flat terrain, irrigation of the entire garden is often carried out. However, this method has certain damage to the soil structure, is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and is not economical, so its use has been gradually reduced.
② Border irrigation uses plants as a unit to repair tree plates, or make growing beds along the rows of trees. Water is diverted into the tree plates or beds during irrigation. This method saves water, is easy to manage, and is widely used. However, it will also damage the soil structure of the tree bed and cause the death of the absorbing roots.
③ Hole irrigation When there is a shortage of water sources, 8-12 holes with a diameter of about 30 cm can be opened on the outer edge of the drip line of the crown. The depth of the holes is suitable so that the roots are not damaged. Water is injected into the holes and filled up after the water seeps.
④ For ditch irrigation, irrigation ditches are opened at a certain distance between two rows of trees. The ditches are 20-30 cm deep and about 50 cm wide. Generally, two rows are opened in each row, or one row can be opened in dwarf dense planting gardens to introduce water into the ditches and gradually penetrate into the soil. This method not only saves water but also reduces damage to soil structure and should be promoted.
④ Drip irrigation is an advanced mechanized and automated irrigation technology developed in recent years. It is a irrigation method that uses water drops or small water currents to slowly apply to the root zone of plants. It is now gradually being adopted in production. Drip irrigation has many advantages: for example, drip irrigation only wets the soil layer and topsoil near the roots of crops, greatly reducing water evaporation; this system can be fully automated to minimize labor; and it can regularly supply water to the root soil and uniformly maintain the soil moist, so that it is not excessively moist and excessively dry, and at the same time, it can keep the root soil ventilated well. For example, drip irrigation combined with fertilization can continuously supply root nutrients, which is most conducive to the growth and development of fruit trees, and plays the role of killing two birds with one stone. According to foreign data reports, drip irrigation can increase the yield of fruit trees by 20% to 50%. However, drip irrigation systems require more pipes and large investments. They require water towers and water filtration systems with certain pressure, main and branch pipes to introduce water into the orchard, as well as capillary pipes and emitters around the tree plants. In addition, pipes and drippers are easy to block, and good filtration equipment is strictly required.
No matter which irrigation method is used, the amount of irrigation water should not be too large or too small, and it is appropriate to soak the soil in the main root distribution layer. The specific determination of irrigation amount must also consider the soil quality, fruit tree growth and development period, fertilization conditions and meteorological conditions. The most commonly used calculation of theoretical irrigation amount is based on soil moisture. It is generally believed that the minimum irrigation amount is when the soil moisture is 60% of the maximum soil water holding capacity, and the ideal water amount is 80% of the maximum soil water holding capacity. In addition, based on the long-term accumulated experience of fruit farmers and technicians, it is believed that irrigation is thorough during irrigation, but it is actually the most suitable irrigation amount.
2. Drain dragon fruit roots are most afraid of hypoxia and avoid standing water. Too much soil moisture will weaken the breathability, which will hinder the breathing of the roots. In severe cases, the active parts will suffocate and die, causing fruit drop, reducing the flavor of the fruit, and even cause the plant to die. Therefore, in addition to water conservation and timely irrigation, we should also do a good job in flood prevention and waterlogging prevention and other drainage work, build drainage ditches, flood drainage channels, etc., and make preparations for flood prevention and drainage in rainy seasons. The number and size of drainage ditches in the orchard should be determined according to the local rainfall, the strength of soil water retention and the level of groundwater level. Under normal circumstances, the drainage ditch of dragon fruit orchard is about 1 meter deep.
The above describes how dragon fruit seedlings grow quickly and the specific content of dragon fruit cultivation techniques and management are for everyone's reference.